مجلة الاربعين المحكمة
The Arbaeen pilgrimage stands as one of the most significant and largest annual gatherings in the world, yet its understanding and recognition outside of Shia Islam remains limited. This paper delves into the multifaceted dimensions of the Arbaeen pilgrimage, tracing its origins, evolution, and contemporary significance within the context of Shia Islam. Arbaeen marks the fortieth day after the martyrdom of Husain ibn Ali (a.s), grandson of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), in the Battle of Karbala, symbolising the eternal struggle between good and evil and serving as a pinnacle of self-sacrifice in Shia tradition. Drawing upon historical narratives and religious texts, this research explores the sacred significance of the Arbaeen in Islam and its association with the commemoration of Imam Husain (a.s). It examines the institutionalization of the Arbaeen pilgrimage by Shia Imams, particularly during the post-Umayyad period, and its transformation into a large-scale public gathering despite initial suppression under regimes like that of Saddam Hussein. The principal aim of this paper is to situate the participation of women in this pilgrimage, who through their participation inverse the logic of patriarchal structures which allegedly prevent them from being at the forefront. They not only participate in this pilgrimage but play a pivotal role in assisting their fellow pilgrims in the completion of the pilgrimage. In doing so, the paper also investigates the logistical aspects of the Arbaeen pilgrimage, such as the routes taken by pilgrims, the provision of free services and accommodations, and the security measures implemented to ensure safety amidst potential sectarian violence. Moreover, it analyses the political dimensions of the pilgrimage