مجلة الاربعين المحكمة
This research examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of air pollutant concentrations across the Baghdad-Karbala-Najaf corridor, leveraging Doppler-based satellite remote sensing data. The analysis focuses on five critical atmospheric contaminants: sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O₃), and fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅). Findings reveal pronounced variability in pollution levels, attributable to synergistic interactions between meteorological parameters and anthropogenic factors, with peak exacerbations observed during the Arbaeen pilgrimage a mass religious gathering. Urban centers in Baghdad exhibited the highest baseline pollution concentrations, driven by vehicular density and industrial emissions, while Karbala and Najaf demonstrated episodic spikes correlated with large-scale religious events. Precipitation emerged as a statistically significant mitigating factor, particularly in scavenging SO₂ and NO₂ from the atmospheric column. The study proposes evidence-based scientific and policy interventions, advocating for integrated sustainable urban planning, deployment of real-time air quality surveillance systems, and ecological